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最近在github上下载包，出现了API下载速率限制的问题，返回error 403，并要求使用github_token（）取消api rate 的限制。这是因为github会扫描需要安装的依赖程序，如果数目超过他的api rate，github就会限制下载，解决办法是使用自己的token认证（相当于去github上认证一下，挂个号，然后给你安装）。我检索了一圈，发现很多人出现这个问题，但中文网络中没有解决办法，捣鼓了一天终于解决了。问题如下
# 从github上安装森林图软件ggforestplot出现403报错
> devtools::install_github("NightingaleHealth/ggforestplot", build_vignettes = TRUE)
Error: Failed to install 'unknown package' from GitHub:
HTTP error 403.
API rate limit exceeded for 175.29.122.76. (But here's the good news: Authenticated requests get a higher rate limit. Check out the documentation for more details.)
Rate limit remaining: 0/60
Rate limit reset at: 2021-12-19 03:33:21 UTC
To increase your GitHub API rate limit
- Use `usethis::create_github_token()` to create a Personal Access Token.
- Use `usethis::edit_r_environ()` and add the token as `GITHUB_PAT`.
发现是github的API rate限制，并且需要通过github token 提供GitHub API rate 限制，所以首先去github官网注册一个账号。然后在github的个人主页-settings-Developer settings-Personal access tokens-creat new token。具体步骤如下：
第一步：制备github token
1. 申请个人github账号，如果已经有账号登入就行，点击右上角个人图像，进去后点击下拉菜单中的settings。
2. 进去settings 后点击最下面的Developer settings
3. 点击Person access tokens, 点击右上角的Generate new token, 建立新的token
4. 首先命名你的token，可以随意写。然后选择token失效的时间，如果担心密码泄漏，可以选30天，30天后失效需要重新设置。我选的永久。最后勾选repo，token用于下载github上的代码仓库。点击generate token。
 
5. token 制备好了，记得拷贝形成的token密码，我的token密码是ghp_8h。。开头的，因为只出现一次，拷贝下来保存在记事本或者word中后续备用。
第二步， 在r中把token设置在环境变量中
1.打开rstudio 或者r，输入 usethis::edit_r_environ()，运行
> usethis::edit_r_environ()
2. 运行后，在代码区把第一次出现的token拷贝过去
GITHUB_TOKEN="ghp_8lNL22DYuvxnvODL6din7C9DdddTcQc"
我这个token是手输入的，可能不准确，实际使用中拷贝过去即可。保存，或者ctrl+s. 关闭r或者rstudio。
3. 重新打开rstudio，一定要关闭后重新打开，不然环境变量没加进去。重新安装发现可以正常安装。
> devtools::install_github("NightingaleHealth/ggforestplot")
Using github PAT from envvar GITHUB_TOKEN
Downloading GitHub repo NightingaleHealth/ggforestplot@HEAD
These packages have more recent versions available.
It is recommended to update all of them.
Which would you like to update?
1: All
2: CRAN packages only
3: None
4: glue (1.5.0 -> 1.6.0 ) [CRAN]
5: withr (2.4.2 -> 2.4.3 ) [CRAN]
6: digest (0.6.28 -> 0.6.29) [CRAN]
7: cpp11 (0.4.1 -> 0.4.2 ) [CRAN]
8: stringi (1.7.5 -> 1.7.6 ) [CRAN]
9: backports (1.3.0 -> 1.4.1 ) [CRAN]
Enter one or more numbers, or an empty line to skip updates: 1
glue (1.5.0 -> 1.6.0 ) [CRAN]
withr (2.4.2 -> 2.4.3 ) [CRAN]
digest (0.6.28 -> 0.6.29) [CRAN]
cpp11 (0.4.1 -> 0.4.2 ) [CRAN]
stringi (1.7.5 -> 1.7.6 ) [CRAN]
yulab.utils (NA -> 0.0.4 ) [CRAN]
gridGraphics (NA -> 0.5-1 ) [CRAN]
tweenr (NA -> 0.3.3 ) [CRAN]
Installing 12 packages: glue, withr, digest, cpp11, stringi, yulab.utils, gridGraphics, tweenr, backports, ggstance, ggplotify, ggforce
There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
binary source needs_compilation
glue 1.5.1 1.6.0 TRUE
Do you want to install from sources the package which needs compilation? (Yes/no/cancel) YES
trying URL 'https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/macosx/contrib/4.0/withr_2.4.3.tgz'
Content type 'application/octet-stream' length 213991 bytes (208 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 208 KB
trying URL 'https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/macosx/contrib/4.0/digest_0.6.29.tgz'
Content type 'application/octet-stream' length 298444 bytes (291 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 291 KB
trying URL 'https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/macosx/contrib/4.0/cpp11_0.4.2.tgz'
Content type 'application/octet-stream' length 304354 bytes (297 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 297 KB
......
4. 测试包是否安装成功：
> library(tidyverse)
> library(ggforestplot)
> # Get subset of example, linear associations, data frame
> df_linear %
+ dplyr::arrange(name) %>%
+ dplyr::filter(dplyr::row_number()
> # Forestplot
> forestplot(
+ df = df_linear,
+ estimate = beta,
+ logodds = FALSE,
+ colour = trait,
+ title = "Associations to metabolic traits",
+ xlab = "1-SD increment in cardiometabolic trait
+ per 1-SD increment in biomarker concentration"
+ )
运行成功 
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